p.42
Topic / History of thailand
1. lush = adj.
-growing vigorously: producing a lot of vigorous rich young growth
-with rich taste: tasting rich, sweet, and juicy
-luxurious: with luxurious decoration and furnishings
-in dramatic style: written in a dramatic style that is intended to produce an emotional response
-sexy: voluptuously sensual in appearance or behavior ( informal )
2. majority = n.
-greater number of people or things: most of the people or things in a large group
-difference in number of votes: the number of votes by which the winning party or group beats the opposition
-politics group in power: the most powerful party or group voting together in a legislature
-law age of legal responsibility: the age, generally either 18 or 21, at which somebody is legally responsible and can assume civil duties and rights such as serving on a jury or voting
-military rank of major: the rank and tenure of a major
3. constitutional = adj.
-politics in accordance with constitution: authorized by a constitution, especially the Constitution of the United States
-politics of country's or organization's constitution: relating to the constitution of a country or an organization
-politics governed by constitution: governed or regulated by a constitution
-relating to somebody's health: relating to, or being part of or a consequence of somebody's general physical and sometimes psychological makeup
-relating to something's structure and makeup: describes or relating to the way something is composed
4. monarchy = n.
-system of rule by monarch: a political system in which a state is ruled by a monarch
-royal family: a monarch and his or her family
-state ruled by monarch: a country ruled by a monarch
p.69
Topic / The way of thai life
1. predominantly = adv.
-mainly: in the greatest number or amount
2. distinctive = adj.
-different from others: uniquely characteristic of a person, group, or thing
-relating to phoneme's distinguishing feature: describes a feature of a phoneme that can distinguish it from other similar phonemes, e.g. the fact that it is labial, fricative, or nasal
3. achievements = n.
-success: something that somebody has succeeded in doing, usually with effort
-finishing well: the act or process of finishing something successfully
-heraldry full coat of arms: a full coat of arms that includes standing figures such as lions or unicorns supporters, the family symbol crest, and the family motto
-sociology earned social status: social status gained through personal merit rather than as a result of the circumstances into which somebody is born
4. potential = n.
-possible but as yet not actual: having a latent possibility or likelihood of occurring, or of doing or becoming something
-expressing possibility: describes a verb or verb form that expresses possibility, e.g. "may" or "might" in English
5. monastery = n.
-monks' residence: a building or buildings with grounds in which a group of people observing religious vows, especially monks, live together
-community of monks: a group of people, especially monks, living together and observing religious vows
p.115
Topic / The important of monastery
1. significant = adj.
-meaningful: having or expressing a meaning
-communicating secret meaning: having a hidden or implied meaning
-momentous and influential: having a major or important effect-substantial: relatively large in amount
-statistics occurring not merely by chance: relating to the occurrence of events or outcomes that are too closely linked statistically to be mere chance
2. buddhist = adj.
-believer in Buddhism: somebody who professes Buddhism
3. nevertheless = n.
-in spite of that: despite a situation or comment
4. representatives = adj.
-somebody who speaks for others: somebody who speaks, acts, or votes on behalf of others
-member of legislature: a member of a legislative assembly
-U.S. member of House of Representatives: a member of the House of Representatives in the U.S. Congress, or of a state legislature
-commercial agent or salesperson: an agent or salesperson for a company
-example: an example or type of something
5. worship = n.
-religious adoration: the adoration, devotion, and respect given to a deity
-religious rites: the rites or services through which people show their adoration, devotion, and respect for a deity
-great devotion: great or excessive love, admiration, and respect felt for somebody or something
p.192
Topic / The celemonies of thailand
1. homogenous = adj.
-of same kind: having the same kind of constituent elements, or being similar in nature
-having uniform composition: having a uniform composition or structure
2. secular = n.
-not concerned with religion: not controlled by a religious body or concerned with religious or spiritual matters
-not religious: not religious or spiritual in nature
-not monastic: not belonging to a monastic order
-occurring once in century: occurring only once in the course of an age or century
-astronomy geology occurring over long period: taking place over an extremely or indefinitely long period of time
3. reveal = v.
-make something known: to disclose something that was unknown or secret-expose something: to make something visible that had been hidden or covered
-religion make known divine truth: to make something known by what is believed to be divine or supernatural means
4. diversity = n.
-variety: a variety of something such as opinion, color, or style
-social inclusiveness: ethnic variety, as well as socioeconomic and gender variety, in a group, society, or institution
-discrepancy: discrepancy, or a difference from what is normal or expected
5. vary = v.
-diverse: showing or characterized by many different forms or kinds
-changed: having undergone change or alteration
-multicolored: consisting of or having many colors
6. characteristics = n.
-typical: distinguishing or representative of a particular person or thing
7. enlightenment = n.
-enlightening of somebody: the enlightening of somebody, or something that enlightens somebody
-enlightened state: the condition of somebody who has been enlightened
-achievement of spiritual state: the realization of spiritual or religious understanding, or, especially in Buddhism, the state attained when the cycle of reincarnation ends and human desire and suffering are transcended
p.280
1. essentially = adv.
-necessary: of the highest importance for achieving something
-basic: being the most basic element or feature of something or somebody-defining: constituting the property or characteristic of something that makes it what it is
-biochemistry required in diet: describes a nutrient that is not made by the body and is required in the diet for normal function
-medicine without known cause: describes a disease that has no known cause
2. performance = n.
-artistic presentation: a presentation of an artistic work such as a play or piece of music to an audience
-manner of functioning: the manner in which something or somebody functions, operates, or behaves
-working effectiveness: the way in which somebody does a job, judged by its effectiveness
-thing accomplished: something that is carried out or accomplished-accomplishment of something: the act of carrying out or accomplishing something such as a task or action
-display of behavior: a public display of behavior that others find distasteful, e.g. an angry outburst that causes embarrassment ( informal )
-linguistics language produced: the language that a speaker or writer actually produces, as distinct from his or her understanding of the language.
3. element = n.
-separate part or group: a separate identifiable part of something, or a distinct group within a larger group
-small quantity: a small but significant trace of a quality or feeling
-factor: a cause or factor leading to something
-habitat: a habitat or environment suited to an individual person
-heating part of appliance: a part of an electric heater, stove, or other appliance that heats up when an electric current is passed through it
-chemistry chemically indivisible substance: any substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler one by a chemical reaction. Elements consist of atoms with the same number of protons in their nuclei, and 92 occur naturally on Earth.
-chemistry supposed basic unit of matter: any of the four primary substances, earth, air, fire, and water, that were formerly thought to be the materials from which all matter is constructed
-mathematics constituent of geometric figure: a point, line, plane, or other part of which a geometric figure is composed
-mathematics part of mathematical quantity: a part of a mathematical or geometric quantity, e.g. a number in an array or an angle in a triangle
-logic mathematics set member: in mathematics and logic, a member of a set-electricity component of electric circuit: any component of an electric circuit
-optics component of optical system: any lens or other component of an optical system
-astronomy parameter-defining orbit: any one of the parameters required to define the nature of an orbit and to determine the position of a planetary body within it
4. generation = n.
-group of contemporaries: all of the people who were born at approximately the same time, considered as a group, and especially when considered as having shared interests and attitudes
-stage in descent: a single stage in the descent of a family or a group of people, animals, or plants, or the individual members of that stage
-time taken to produce new generation: the period of time that it takes for people, animals, or plants to grow up and produce their own offspring, in humans held to be between 30 and 35 years
-particular generation in sequence: a particular numbered stage in the sequence of generations of a person being identified with a particular characteristic ( usually used in combination )
-new type: a particular stage in the development of a product or technology, especially one marking a significant advance
-phase in life cycle: one of the successive phases that make up the life cycle of some organisms
-production of power: the production of electricity, heat, or some other form of energy
-production of young: the act or process of bringing offspring into being-mathematics generating of group or shape: the act or process of generating a set, sequence, curve, or surface
-physics nuclei in chain reaction: in a chain reaction, a group of nuclei that come from a previous group
-business business software reformatting function: a business software function that translates data from a company's internal format into one that can be recognized outside the company after transmission.
